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I love bottle. Its a simple, yet fast and powerful Python micro-framework, perfect for small web applications and rapid prototyping. Its also an excellent learning tool for those just getting starting with web development.
Lets look at a quick example.
NOTE: This tutorial assumes you are running a Unix-based environment - e.g, Mac OS X, a Linux flavor, or a Linux flavor powered through a virtual machine.
Updated 06/13/2015: updated code examples and explanations
Starting Up
First, lets create a directory to work in:
$ mkdir bottle && cd bottle
Next, you need to have pip, virtualenv, and git installed.
virtualenv is a Python tool that makes it easy to manage the Python packages needed for a particular project; it keeps packages in one project from conflicting with packages in other projects. pip, meanwhile, is a package manager used for managing the installation of Python packages.
For help with installing pip (and its dependencies) in a Unix environment, follow the instructions in this Gist. If you are on Windows environment, please view this video for help.
Once you have pip installed, run the following command to install virtualenv:
$ pip install virtualenv==12.0.7
Now we can easily setup our local environment:
$ virtualenv venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
Install bottle:
$ pip install bottle==0.12.8
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
Finally, lets put our app under version control using Git. For more information on Git, please view this article, which also includes installation instructions.
$ git init
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "initial commit"
Writing Your App
Were ready to write our bottle app. Open Sublime Text 3 or your text editor of choice. Create your application file, app.py, which will hold the entirety of our first app:
import os
from bottle import route, run, template
Save the file.
Now you can run your app locally:
$ python app.py
You should be able to connect to http://localhost:8080/ and see your application running!
My first web app! By RealPython.
So, the route decorator binds a function to the route. In the first route, /, the index() function is bound to the route, which renders the index_html template and passes in a variable, author, as a keyword argument. This variable is then accessible in the template.
Now navigate to the next route, making sure to add your name on the end of the route - i.e., http://localhost:8080/name/Michael. You should see something like:
My first web app! By Michael.
Whats going on?
Again, the route decorator binds a function to the route. In this case, were using a dynamic route that includes a wildcard of <name>.
This wildcard is then passed to the view function as an argument - def name(name).
We then passed this to the template as a keyword argument - author=name
The template then renders the author variable - {{ author }}.
Shell Script
Want to get started quickly? Generate the starter app in a few seconds using this Shell script.
Next Steps
From this point, it is as easy as adding new route-decorated functions to create new pages.
Creating the HTML is simple: In the above app, we just inlined the HTML in the file itself. Its easy to modify this to load the template from a file. For example:
[CODE route('/main')
def main(name):
return template('main_template')[/CODE]
This will load the template file main_template.tpl, which must be placed in a views folder within your project structure, and render it to the end user.
This post is quoted
Lets look at a quick example.
NOTE: This tutorial assumes you are running a Unix-based environment - e.g, Mac OS X, a Linux flavor, or a Linux flavor powered through a virtual machine.
Updated 06/13/2015: updated code examples and explanations
Starting Up
First, lets create a directory to work in:
$ mkdir bottle && cd bottle
Next, you need to have pip, virtualenv, and git installed.
virtualenv is a Python tool that makes it easy to manage the Python packages needed for a particular project; it keeps packages in one project from conflicting with packages in other projects. pip, meanwhile, is a package manager used for managing the installation of Python packages.
For help with installing pip (and its dependencies) in a Unix environment, follow the instructions in this Gist. If you are on Windows environment, please view this video for help.
Once you have pip installed, run the following command to install virtualenv:
$ pip install virtualenv==12.0.7
Now we can easily setup our local environment:
$ virtualenv venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
Install bottle:
$ pip install bottle==0.12.8
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
Finally, lets put our app under version control using Git. For more information on Git, please view this article, which also includes installation instructions.
$ git init
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "initial commit"
Writing Your App
Were ready to write our bottle app. Open Sublime Text 3 or your text editor of choice. Create your application file, app.py, which will hold the entirety of our first app:
import os
from bottle import route, run, template
Kod:
index_html = '''My first web app! By <strong>{{ author }}</strong>.'''
[USER=119694]route[/USER]('/')
def index():
return template(index_html, author='Real Python')
[USER=119694]route[/USER]('/name/<name>')
def name(name):
return template(index_html, author=name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 8080))
run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port, debug=True)Now you can run your app locally:
$ python app.py
You should be able to connect to http://localhost:8080/ and see your application running!
My first web app! By RealPython.
So, the route decorator binds a function to the route. In the first route, /, the index() function is bound to the route, which renders the index_html template and passes in a variable, author, as a keyword argument. This variable is then accessible in the template.
Now navigate to the next route, making sure to add your name on the end of the route - i.e., http://localhost:8080/name/Michael. You should see something like:
My first web app! By Michael.
Whats going on?
Again, the route decorator binds a function to the route. In this case, were using a dynamic route that includes a wildcard of <name>.
This wildcard is then passed to the view function as an argument - def name(name).
We then passed this to the template as a keyword argument - author=name
The template then renders the author variable - {{ author }}.
Shell Script
Want to get started quickly? Generate the starter app in a few seconds using this Shell script.
Kod:
mkdir bottle
cd bottle
pip install virtualenv==12.0.7
virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install bottle==0.12.8
pip freeze > requirements.txt
git init
git add .
git commit -m "initial commit"
cat >app.py <<EOF
import os
from bottle import route, run, template
index_html = '''My first web app! By <strong>{{ author }}</strong>.'''
[USER=119694]route[/USER]('/')
def index():
return template(index_html, author='Real Python')
[USER=119694]route[/USER]('/name/<name>')
def name(name):
return template(index_html, author=name)
if __name__ == '__main__':
port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 8080))
run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port, debug=True)
EOF
chmod a+x app.py
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Updated"
Download this script from this Gist, and then run it using the following command:
$ bash bottle.shFrom this point, it is as easy as adding new route-decorated functions to create new pages.
Creating the HTML is simple: In the above app, we just inlined the HTML in the file itself. Its easy to modify this to load the template from a file. For example:
[CODE route('/main')
def main(name):
return template('main_template')[/CODE]
This will load the template file main_template.tpl, which must be placed in a views folder within your project structure, and render it to the end user.
This post is quoted
